Typical signs
- Peeling surface, exposed aggregate, detached pieces or rust at reinforcing steel.
Where it is often found
- Balconies, steps, slabs, foundations, garages, driveways and exterior concrete.
What it can mean
- Freeze-thaw with moisture, deicing salts, steel corrosion or insufficient cover.
What to check next
- Sound delaminated areas, measure extent and identify water/salts.
- Check cracks, drainage and visible steel.
Reasonable immediate actions
- Keep people away from falling fragments and limit salts.
When to stop and call a professional
- Structural member, balcony, exposed reinforcement, falling pieces or deep deterioration.
Prevention
- Drainage, protection from water and salts, air entrainment and proper curing.