Start from what you observe

Home symptom diagnostic

This tool does not make a final diagnosis. It organizes plausible causes, useful observations, priority and the right type of professional.

20

Foundation crack

Assess

Possible causes

  • concrete shrinkage
  • seasonal movement
  • settlement
  • water or soil pressure
  • structural movement

What to observe

  • width and change over time
  • orientation
  • water entry
  • offset between sides
  • nearby cracks and sticking doors

Stop / urgency criterion: Urgent if the crack changes quickly, has significant offset, accompanies a bulging wall or major water entry.

Who to call: Inspector or contractor for screening; structural engineer for movement, offset, bulging wall or structural doubt.

Water in basement

Priority

Possible causes

  • site grading
  • gutters and downspouts
  • foundation drain
  • crack
  • groundwater or sewer surcharge
  • sewer backup

What to observe

  • entry point
  • timing versus rain or thaw
  • odour and colour
  • sump level
  • marks on walls and floor

Stop / urgency criterion: Shut off power to affected areas if it can be done safely; avoid potentially contaminated water and act quickly to limit moisture.

Who to call: Plumber for backups or piping; drainage/foundation specialist for infiltration; electrician if electrical equipment is affected.

Window condensation

Monitor

Possible causes

  • high indoor humidity
  • cold surface
  • insufficient ventilation
  • air leakage
  • low-performance glazing or frame

What to observe

  • indoor relative humidity
  • outdoor temperature
  • condensation on glass or between panes
  • mould presence
  • ventilation operation

Stop / urgency criterion: Condensation between panes points more toward a failed sealed unit; persistent water on frames can damage finishes.

Who to call: Ventilation or enclosure specialist if the problem persists despite reasonable humidity control.

Attic frost, ice or moisture

Assess

Possible causes

  • warm-air leakage
  • poor ventilation
  • leaking exhaust duct
  • displaced insulation
  • roof leak

What to observe

  • frost pattern
  • marks around penetrations
  • duct condition
  • soffits and vents
  • wood moisture

Stop / urgency criterion: Do not simply add ventilation without addressing air leaks and ducts; wet or deteriorated framing warrants assessment.

Who to call: Enclosure/ventilation specialist; roofer for leaks; professional review for deteriorated wood.

Sewer odour

Assess

Possible causes

  • dry trap
  • failed seal or vent
  • floor drain
  • backup
  • plumbing vent issue

What to observe

  • affected room and fixture
  • when odour occurs
  • water in traps
  • gurgling
  • rarely used drains

Stop / urgency criterion: Persistent odour or odour with backup should be investigated; do not mix drain chemicals.

Who to call: Plumber if the cause is not a simple dry trap or multiple fixtures are affected.

Low water pressure

Monitor

Possible causes

  • clogged aerator or cartridge
  • partially closed valve
  • pressure-reducing valve
  • corroded piping
  • supply issue

What to observe

  • one fixture or whole house
  • hot or cold water
  • static pressure
  • time of day
  • recent work

Stop / urgency criterion: A sudden drop with water noise or moisture can indicate a leak and deserves prompt checking.

Who to call: Plumber if multiple fixtures, supply pressure or piping are involved.

Breaker keeps tripping

Priority

Possible causes

  • overload
  • faulty appliance
  • short circuit
  • ground fault
  • circuit or panel issue

What to observe

  • affected circuit
  • connected appliances
  • immediate or delayed trip
  • odour or heat
  • recent work

Stop / urgency criterion: Do not hold or bypass a breaker that trips. Heat, burning odour, sparks or visible damage require shutdown and qualified service.

Who to call: Authorized electrician for circuit or panel diagnosis.

Flickering lights

Assess

Possible causes

  • lamp or dimmer incompatibility
  • loose connection
  • load fluctuation
  • circuit or supply issue

What to observe

  • single lamp or multiple circuits
  • link to large appliance
  • noise or odour
  • large brightness changes

Stop / urgency criterion: Large changes across several rooms, heat or burning odour require prompt checking.

Who to call: Electrician if the issue goes beyond a clearly identified lamp or dimmer.

Roof leak

Priority

Possible causes

  • flashing
  • penetration
  • shingles or membrane
  • ice dam
  • condensation

What to observe

  • interior location
  • associated rain, wind or thaw
  • flashing condition
  • old versus new staining
  • attic moisture

Stop / urgency criterion: Protect the interior and avoid climbing on a slippery or damaged roof; leaks near electrical equipment require caution.

Who to call: Roofer; enclosure specialist if the source is unclear; electrician if equipment is affected.

Room too cold or too hot

Monitor

Possible causes

  • air distribution
  • balancing
  • air leakage
  • insulation
  • solar gain
  • system sizing or controls

What to observe

  • temperature difference
  • time and weather
  • register or radiator
  • drafts
  • orientation and sun

Stop / urgency criterion: Avoid random combustion or refrigerant adjustments; start with simple measurable causes.

Who to call: HVAC technician or energy advisor if imbalance persists.

Unexpectedly high energy bill

Monitor

Possible causes

  • weather
  • rate or billing period
  • backup heat
  • faulty equipment
  • air leakage
  • settings or behaviour

What to observe

  • kWh rather than dollars
  • weather comparison
  • backup heat
  • setpoints
  • new loads

Stop / urgency criterion: A sudden unexplained increase warrants checking equipment and meter data before blaming the enclosure.

Who to call: Energy advisor or HVAC technician depending on observed clues.

Sagging or uneven floor

Assess

Possible causes

  • settlement
  • deflected joists or beams
  • moved support
  • moisture or decay
  • prior structural alteration

What to observe

  • change over time
  • associated cracks
  • posts and supports
  • moisture
  • prior work

Stop / urgency criterion: Recent or rapid change with cracking, noises or damaged supports should be assessed before adding loads.

Who to call: Structural engineer when movement, supports or load-bearing elements are involved.

Doors or windows sticking

Monitor

Possible causes

  • seasonal humidity
  • hardware or frame
  • building movement
  • local sag

What to observe

  • seasonal or permanent
  • multiple openings affected
  • new cracks
  • uneven floors

Stop / urgency criterion: Multiple openings changing together with cracks or sagging justify broader assessment.

Who to call: Carpenter for a local issue; building professional when several movement clues are present.

Visible mould or musty odour

Assess

Possible causes

  • leak
  • condensation
  • infiltration
  • poor ventilation
  • materials left wet

What to observe

  • moisture source
  • extent
  • affected material
  • recurrence
  • indoor humidity

Stop / urgency criterion: Fix the moisture source before refinishing. Extensive contamination or contamination after dirty water requires specialized handling.

Who to call: Building/indoor-air or restoration specialist depending on extent and source.

Efflorescence on concrete or masonry

Monitor

Possible causes

  • moisture migration through material
  • poor drainage
  • recent drying of masonry or concrete

What to observe

  • dry or wet surface
  • recurrence after cleaning
  • cracks
  • exterior water source

Stop / urgency criterion: Efflorescence is a moisture symptom; address water before applying impermeable coatings that could trap moisture.

Who to call: Masonry or enclosure specialist if persistent or accompanied by deterioration.

Buckled, cracked or loose siding

Assess

Possible causes

  • thermal movement
  • improper fastening
  • water behind cladding
  • warped substrate
  • impact

What to observe

  • extent
  • after sun or cold
  • water marks
  • flashings and joints
  • visible substrate

Stop / urgency criterion: Distortion with leakage or soft substrate warrants controlled opening and assembly inspection.

Who to call: Cladding contractor or enclosure specialist.

Gurgling or slow drains

Assess

Possible causes

  • local blockage
  • plumbing venting
  • partially blocked main line
  • slope issue

What to observe

  • one fixture or several
  • water level
  • odour
  • backup
  • timing after rain

Stop / urgency criterion: Multiple fixtures or a backup require prompt attention; avoid mixing chemical drain cleaners.

Who to call: Plumber for main blockage, venting or backup.

Banging pipes or water hammer

Monitor

Possible causes

  • fast-closing valve
  • high pressure
  • poor pipe support
  • missing or ineffective arrestor

What to observe

  • triggering fixture
  • pressure
  • new dishwasher or washer
  • accessible piping

Stop / urgency criterion: Repeated shocks can fatigue joints; identify the cause rather than only masking the noise.

Who to call: Plumber if pressure, support or system modification is involved.

Ice dam at roof edge

Assess

Possible causes

  • heat loss to attic
  • air leakage
  • discontinuous insulation
  • roof geometry
  • weather conditions

What to observe

  • repeating locations
  • attic temperature
  • frost
  • insulation around penetrations
  • ventilation

Stop / urgency criterion: Avoid working on an icy roof or aggressively breaking ice; focus on thermal and air-sealing causes.

Who to call: Enclosure/energy specialist and roofer depending on damage.

Damp or musty crawlspace

Assess

Possible causes

  • wet soil
  • drainage
  • humid outdoor air
  • plumbing leak
  • condensation

What to observe

  • ground membrane
  • visible water
  • wet wood
  • sagging insulation
  • leaking piping

Stop / urgency criterion: Address water and moisture before adding insulation or closing the space.

Who to call: Enclosure/drainage specialist; plumber for leaks; professional review for deteriorated wood.