Home symptom diagnostic
This tool does not make a final diagnosis. It organizes plausible causes, useful observations, priority and the right type of professional.
Foundation crack
AssessPossible causes
- concrete shrinkage
- seasonal movement
- settlement
- water or soil pressure
- structural movement
What to observe
- width and change over time
- orientation
- water entry
- offset between sides
- nearby cracks and sticking doors
Stop / urgency criterion: Urgent if the crack changes quickly, has significant offset, accompanies a bulging wall or major water entry.
Who to call: Inspector or contractor for screening; structural engineer for movement, offset, bulging wall or structural doubt.
Water in basement
PriorityPossible causes
- site grading
- gutters and downspouts
- foundation drain
- crack
- groundwater or sewer surcharge
- sewer backup
What to observe
- entry point
- timing versus rain or thaw
- odour and colour
- sump level
- marks on walls and floor
Stop / urgency criterion: Shut off power to affected areas if it can be done safely; avoid potentially contaminated water and act quickly to limit moisture.
Who to call: Plumber for backups or piping; drainage/foundation specialist for infiltration; electrician if electrical equipment is affected.
Window condensation
MonitorPossible causes
- high indoor humidity
- cold surface
- insufficient ventilation
- air leakage
- low-performance glazing or frame
What to observe
- indoor relative humidity
- outdoor temperature
- condensation on glass or between panes
- mould presence
- ventilation operation
Stop / urgency criterion: Condensation between panes points more toward a failed sealed unit; persistent water on frames can damage finishes.
Who to call: Ventilation or enclosure specialist if the problem persists despite reasonable humidity control.
Attic frost, ice or moisture
AssessPossible causes
- warm-air leakage
- poor ventilation
- leaking exhaust duct
- displaced insulation
- roof leak
What to observe
- frost pattern
- marks around penetrations
- duct condition
- soffits and vents
- wood moisture
Stop / urgency criterion: Do not simply add ventilation without addressing air leaks and ducts; wet or deteriorated framing warrants assessment.
Who to call: Enclosure/ventilation specialist; roofer for leaks; professional review for deteriorated wood.
Sewer odour
AssessPossible causes
- dry trap
- failed seal or vent
- floor drain
- backup
- plumbing vent issue
What to observe
- affected room and fixture
- when odour occurs
- water in traps
- gurgling
- rarely used drains
Stop / urgency criterion: Persistent odour or odour with backup should be investigated; do not mix drain chemicals.
Who to call: Plumber if the cause is not a simple dry trap or multiple fixtures are affected.
Low water pressure
MonitorPossible causes
- clogged aerator or cartridge
- partially closed valve
- pressure-reducing valve
- corroded piping
- supply issue
What to observe
- one fixture or whole house
- hot or cold water
- static pressure
- time of day
- recent work
Stop / urgency criterion: A sudden drop with water noise or moisture can indicate a leak and deserves prompt checking.
Who to call: Plumber if multiple fixtures, supply pressure or piping are involved.
Breaker keeps tripping
PriorityPossible causes
- overload
- faulty appliance
- short circuit
- ground fault
- circuit or panel issue
What to observe
- affected circuit
- connected appliances
- immediate or delayed trip
- odour or heat
- recent work
Stop / urgency criterion: Do not hold or bypass a breaker that trips. Heat, burning odour, sparks or visible damage require shutdown and qualified service.
Who to call: Authorized electrician for circuit or panel diagnosis.
Flickering lights
AssessPossible causes
- lamp or dimmer incompatibility
- loose connection
- load fluctuation
- circuit or supply issue
What to observe
- single lamp or multiple circuits
- link to large appliance
- noise or odour
- large brightness changes
Stop / urgency criterion: Large changes across several rooms, heat or burning odour require prompt checking.
Who to call: Electrician if the issue goes beyond a clearly identified lamp or dimmer.
Roof leak
PriorityPossible causes
- flashing
- penetration
- shingles or membrane
- ice dam
- condensation
What to observe
- interior location
- associated rain, wind or thaw
- flashing condition
- old versus new staining
- attic moisture
Stop / urgency criterion: Protect the interior and avoid climbing on a slippery or damaged roof; leaks near electrical equipment require caution.
Who to call: Roofer; enclosure specialist if the source is unclear; electrician if equipment is affected.
Room too cold or too hot
MonitorPossible causes
- air distribution
- balancing
- air leakage
- insulation
- solar gain
- system sizing or controls
What to observe
- temperature difference
- time and weather
- register or radiator
- drafts
- orientation and sun
Stop / urgency criterion: Avoid random combustion or refrigerant adjustments; start with simple measurable causes.
Who to call: HVAC technician or energy advisor if imbalance persists.
Unexpectedly high energy bill
MonitorPossible causes
- weather
- rate or billing period
- backup heat
- faulty equipment
- air leakage
- settings or behaviour
What to observe
- kWh rather than dollars
- weather comparison
- backup heat
- setpoints
- new loads
Stop / urgency criterion: A sudden unexplained increase warrants checking equipment and meter data before blaming the enclosure.
Who to call: Energy advisor or HVAC technician depending on observed clues.
Sagging or uneven floor
AssessPossible causes
- settlement
- deflected joists or beams
- moved support
- moisture or decay
- prior structural alteration
What to observe
- change over time
- associated cracks
- posts and supports
- moisture
- prior work
Stop / urgency criterion: Recent or rapid change with cracking, noises or damaged supports should be assessed before adding loads.
Who to call: Structural engineer when movement, supports or load-bearing elements are involved.
Doors or windows sticking
MonitorPossible causes
- seasonal humidity
- hardware or frame
- building movement
- local sag
What to observe
- seasonal or permanent
- multiple openings affected
- new cracks
- uneven floors
Stop / urgency criterion: Multiple openings changing together with cracks or sagging justify broader assessment.
Who to call: Carpenter for a local issue; building professional when several movement clues are present.
Visible mould or musty odour
AssessPossible causes
- leak
- condensation
- infiltration
- poor ventilation
- materials left wet
What to observe
- moisture source
- extent
- affected material
- recurrence
- indoor humidity
Stop / urgency criterion: Fix the moisture source before refinishing. Extensive contamination or contamination after dirty water requires specialized handling.
Who to call: Building/indoor-air or restoration specialist depending on extent and source.
Efflorescence on concrete or masonry
MonitorPossible causes
- moisture migration through material
- poor drainage
- recent drying of masonry or concrete
What to observe
- dry or wet surface
- recurrence after cleaning
- cracks
- exterior water source
Stop / urgency criterion: Efflorescence is a moisture symptom; address water before applying impermeable coatings that could trap moisture.
Who to call: Masonry or enclosure specialist if persistent or accompanied by deterioration.
Buckled, cracked or loose siding
AssessPossible causes
- thermal movement
- improper fastening
- water behind cladding
- warped substrate
- impact
What to observe
- extent
- after sun or cold
- water marks
- flashings and joints
- visible substrate
Stop / urgency criterion: Distortion with leakage or soft substrate warrants controlled opening and assembly inspection.
Who to call: Cladding contractor or enclosure specialist.
Gurgling or slow drains
AssessPossible causes
- local blockage
- plumbing venting
- partially blocked main line
- slope issue
What to observe
- one fixture or several
- water level
- odour
- backup
- timing after rain
Stop / urgency criterion: Multiple fixtures or a backup require prompt attention; avoid mixing chemical drain cleaners.
Who to call: Plumber for main blockage, venting or backup.
Banging pipes or water hammer
MonitorPossible causes
- fast-closing valve
- high pressure
- poor pipe support
- missing or ineffective arrestor
What to observe
- triggering fixture
- pressure
- new dishwasher or washer
- accessible piping
Stop / urgency criterion: Repeated shocks can fatigue joints; identify the cause rather than only masking the noise.
Who to call: Plumber if pressure, support or system modification is involved.
Ice dam at roof edge
AssessPossible causes
- heat loss to attic
- air leakage
- discontinuous insulation
- roof geometry
- weather conditions
What to observe
- repeating locations
- attic temperature
- frost
- insulation around penetrations
- ventilation
Stop / urgency criterion: Avoid working on an icy roof or aggressively breaking ice; focus on thermal and air-sealing causes.
Who to call: Enclosure/energy specialist and roofer depending on damage.
Damp or musty crawlspace
AssessPossible causes
- wet soil
- drainage
- humid outdoor air
- plumbing leak
- condensation
What to observe
- ground membrane
- visible water
- wet wood
- sagging insulation
- leaking piping
Stop / urgency criterion: Address water and moisture before adding insulation or closing the space.
Who to call: Enclosure/drainage specialist; plumber for leaks; professional review for deteriorated wood.
